Восточносуданская семья: Ньиманг группа (2 списка) : Результат запроса

NUMBER: 1

WORD: all

Ama: kwɛ́rɛ̀n ~ kwɔ́rɛ̀n ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Segmentation is unclear.

Afitti: kwūdūt̪ùm ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Segmentation is unclear.

NUMBER: 2

WORD: ashes

Ama: fínàn ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Quoted as fínān in [Rilly 2009: 430].

Afitti: fīɲín ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105; Rilly 2009: 430.

NUMBER: 3

WORD: bark

Ama: ámù ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105.

Afitti: kwúsīyà ²

Stevenson 2000: 105.

NUMBER: 4

WORD: belly

Ama: bwiši ~ bwuši ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Polysemy: 'belly / heart (fig.)'. Quoted as buši 'abdomen' in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159]; as búší 'belly / heart (fig.)', Mandal dialect bʋ́s in [Rilly 2009: 523].

Afitti: kárnd̪à ²

Stevenson 2000: 105. Allegedly distinct from árǝ̀k 'stomach' [ibid.]. It is, however, precisely that second word that is listed as árik 'abdomen' in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159]. Cf., however, kárnd̪à 'belly' vs. buš 'intestines' in [Rilly 2009: 523].

NUMBER: 5

WORD: big

Ama: díà ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Transcribed as dia 'great' in [Stevenson 1957: 173].

Afitti: dúbɔ̀ ²

Stevenson 2000: 105. Quoted as dǝ́bɔ̀ in [Rilly 2009: 462].

NUMBER: 6

WORD: bird

Ama: wór ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105; Stevenson 1957: 172; Rilly 2009: 492.

Afitti: ɔ́rd̪ō ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Transcribed as ɔ́rdo in [Stevenson 1957: 172]. Quoted as ɔ́rdò in [Rilly 2009: 492].

NUMBER: 7

WORD: bite

Ama: bwìd̪-ì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 51]: indefinite bwı̀d̪-ì ~ bwʋ̀d̪-ì, definite bwı̄d̪-ī ~ bwʋ̄d̪-ì. Quoted as bwìd̪ì ~ bìd̪ì, Mandal dialect bùd (for both stems) in [Rilly 2009: 482].

Afitti: ŋwɔ́d̪-ɛ̀ ²

Stevenson 2000: 105. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 42]: imperative ŋwɔ̀d̪-ɛ̀, present ŋwɔ̀d̪-ǝ̄l, past nd̪ò. Quoted as imperfective ŋgwɔ̄d-ǝ́l, imperative ŋwɔ̄d̪-ɛ̀ in [Rilly 2009: 482].

NUMBER: 8

WORD: black

Ama: t̪ɛ̄=bī-ò ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105; Stevenson 1957: 175. According to the latter source, with polysemy: 'black / blue'. Quoted as t̪è=bī-ò, Mandal dialect t̪è=bī-è in [Rilly 2009: 486]. Cf. also the expressive reduplicated term sùl-sùl 'very black' in [Rilly 2009: 486].

Afitti: t̪ī=bī-à ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105; Rilly 2009: 486.

NUMBER: 9

WORD: blood

Ama: wílì ~ wúlì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. In [Stevenson 1957: 171], transcribed as wʋli ~ wıli. Quoted as wili in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159]; as wúlí ~ wílí in [Rilly 2009: 507].

Afitti: ɔ́lɛ̀ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Transcribed as walɛ in [Stevenson 1957: 171]. Quoted as ole in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159]; as ɔ́lɛ̀ in [Rilly 2009: 507].

NUMBER: 10

WORD: bone

Ama: ámī ~ ámbī ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Transcribed as ámí ~ ámbí in [Stevenson 1957: 172]. Quoted as ámí, Mandal dialect ámbí in [Rilly 2009: 493].

Afitti: áːmā ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Transcribed as áːmà in [Stevenson 1957: 172]. Quoted as āmá in [Rilly 2009: 493].

NUMBER: 11

WORD: breast

Ama: tulum # ¹

Only attested in the old source [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159], so somewhat dubious. The equivalent for 'female breast' is most likely kāšì [Stevenson 2000: 105], quoted as kaši 'breast' in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159] and as káší in [Rilly 2009: 510]. The additional form kɔfurka 'breast' in [Stevenson 2000: 105] seems actually to be an Afitti form (see notes on Afitti). (although in [Stevenson 1957: 172], the form kɔfʋrka is actually listed as Afitti).

Afitti: kɔfurka # ²

Stevenson 1957: 172 (transcribed as kɔfʋrka). Listed as kɔfurka in [Stevenson 2000: 105] under Nyimang, though the form is actually Afitti. This is further confirmed by its earlier attestation as kofurkáː 'chest' in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159]. Distinct from kásɛ̀ 'breast' (most likely, female) in [Stevenson 2000: 105; Rilly 2009: 510], quoted as kasi in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159].

NUMBER: 12

WORD: burn tr.

Ama: swī-ɛ̀ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 51]: indefinite swì, definite swī-ɛ̀. Distinct from the intransitive 'to burn': indefinite kw=ōsʋ̀n, definite t̪=ōsʋ̀n [ibid.].

Afitti: t̪=òʓ-ì ²

Stevenson 2000: 105. The imperfective stem is glossed as t̪=òs-ì [ibid.]. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 42]: imperative t̪=òʓ-ì, present g=ōʓ-ı̀l, past t̪=òʓ-ù. Distinct from 'to kindle, light fire (tr.)': imperative t̪=òs-ì, present k=ōs-ı̀l, past t̪=òs-ù [ibid.].

NUMBER: 13

WORD: claw(nail)

Ama: fálɛ̀ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Quoted as fàlì, Mandal dialect fālē in [Rilly 2009: 492].

Afitti: fálà ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Quoted as fālá in [Rilly 2009: 492]. Distinct from sɔ̀ŋgé 'hoof' [ibid.].

NUMBER: 14

WORD: cloud

Ama: árīŋ=ò=kwòl ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Literally = 'sky's fat'. Quoted as árīŋ-ɔ̀ kwúl in [Rilly 2009: 489]. For the Mandal dialect, Rilly [ibid.] lists the form d̪ɔ́íd ~ d̪ɔ́íd̪í, transparently borrowed from Hill Nubian.

Afitti: lēʓá ²

Stevenson 2000: 105; Rilly 2009: 489.

NUMBER: 15

WORD: cold

Ama: kwɛ̄=šìl ~ kwɔ̄=šìl ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. The first syllable seems to be of prefixal origin: cf. the derivation of this word from šil 'fresh' in [Stevenson 1957: 174]. For the Mandal dialect, Rilly quotes the form kāùrìg, most likely borrowed from Hill Nubian [Rilly 2009: 459].

Afitti: kwɔlŋga ~ kwɔlǝŋga ²

Stevenson 2000: 105. Also ɔrɛʔ-ɔrɛk id. (semantic difference is unknown). In [Rilly 2009: 459], only this latter equivalent is listed, in the form ɔ̄rɛ̄-ɔ̄rɛ̀-g, and is explained as a borrowing from Hill Nubian (cf. Proto-Hill Nubian *orog 'cold').

NUMBER: 16

WORD: come

Ama: kwùd̪ù ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Indefinite stem. Transcribed simply as kwu in [Stevenson 1957: 178]. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 52]: indefinite kwʋ̀d̪ù, indefinite plural sɔ̀r, definite t̪=ɔ̀r, definite plural sɔ̀r-ɔ̀n. Quoted as indefinite kūd̪ū, definite t̪=ɔ̄r (Mandal dialect: indefinite kūd, definite t̪=ɔ̄r) in [Rilly 2009: 522].

Afitti: t̪=àr ²

Stevenson 2000: 105. Initial t̪= is most likely of prefixal origin. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 43]: imperative t̪=àr, suppletive present kwɔ́t̪ǝ̄nàì, past t̪ʋ̄kù. Quoted as imperative t̪=ār, present kwɔ̀t̪énaì, past t̪ūkū in [Rilly 2009: 522].

NUMBER: 16

WORD: come

Ama: t̪=ɔ̀r ²

Stevenson 2000: 105; Stevenson 1957: 178. Suppletive definite stem. Initial t̪= is most likely of prefixal origin.

Afitti:

NUMBER: 17

WORD: die

Ama: lw-è ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Indefinite stem. The definite stem is non-suppletive: lū-à, with a different suffix. Cf. lo 'death' in [Stevenson 1957: 174]. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 53]: indefinite lwè, indefinite plural gwɔ̀sàg, definite lūà, definite plural gwɛ̀šèi. Quoted as lū ~ luì, definite lūā, Mandal dialect lɔ̄ ~ lwī in [Rilly 2009: 483].

Afitti: lú-ɛ̀ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Quoted as lɔ̄ ~ lɔ̀w-ǝ́r in [Rilly 2009: 483].

NUMBER: 18

WORD: dog

Ama: gìl ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Transcribed as gı́l in [Stevenson 1957: 172]. Quoted as gil in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159] (incorrectly listed as 'sun' because of an obvious print error); as gíl, Mandal dialect ʓíl in [Rilly 2009: 433].

Afitti: wùl ~ wìl ²

Stevenson 2000: 105. Transcribed as wı̀l in [Stevenson 1957: 172]. Quoted as wil in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159] (incorrectly listed as 'sun' because of an obvious print error); as wúl in [Rilly 2009: 433].

NUMBER: 19

WORD: drink

Ama: lì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Indefinite stem. Quoted as li- ~ le- in [Stevenson 1957: 173]. The definite stem is listed ibid. as t̪w=ıl ~ t̪ʋ=l, with prefixation. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 53]: indefinite sg. lì, pl. lì-dì, definite sg. t̪=wìl, pl. t̪=wı̄l-dì. Quoted as definite t̪=wîl, indefinite líì in [Rilly 2009: 426]; cf. also Mandal dialect definite t̪=ūlì, indefinite lì [ibid.].

Afitti: dáì ²

Stevenson 2000: 105. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 44]: imperative dáì, suppletive present sg. ɲı̀l, pl. sı́l, past ɲɔ̀. Quoted as d̪aù ~ d̪áwɔ̀r, imperative d̪aí in [Rilly 2009: 426].

NUMBER: 19

WORD: drink

Ama: t̪=wìl ³

Stevenson 2000: 105. Suppletive definite stem.

Afitti:

NUMBER: 20

WORD: dry

Ama: ā=fɔ̀r ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105; Stevenson 1957: 174. Cf. also the verb fɔr-a 'to be dry' and the derived adjective ka=fɔr 'empty' [Stevenson 1957: 174]. Quoted as à=fɔ́r, Mandal dialect kà=fɔ́r in [Rilly 2009: 509].

Afitti: fǝ̄rá-fǝ̄rà ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105; Rilly 2009: 509. Reduplicated formation.

NUMBER: 21

WORD: ear

Ama: ɲɔ̀gɔ̀r ~ ɲɔ̀wɔ̀r ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105; Stevenson 1957: 172. Quoted as ɲógór, Mandal dialect ɲágár in [Rilly 2009: 493].

Afitti: ɲɔ̄rwà ~ ɲɛ̄rwà ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Transcribed as ɲɔrwa in [Stevenson 1957: 172]. Quoted as ɲòrǝ̀wá in [De Voogt 2009: 42]; as ɲɔ̄rwá in [Rilly 2009: 493].

NUMBER: 22

WORD: earth

Ama: kɛ̀gɛ́l ~ kɛ̀ɛ́l ¹

Stevenson 2000: 107; Stevenson 1957: 172.

Afitti: kwɔ̄yà ²

Stevenson 2000: 107.

NUMBER: 23

WORD: eat

Ama: tàm ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105; Stevenson 1957: 178. Indefinite stem. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 53]: indefinite tàm, definite t̪=àl. Initial t= is alveolar/retroflex rather than dental and in this particular case, definitely not of prefixal origin. Quoted as definite t̪=āl, indefinite tām in [Rilly 2009: 478].

Afitti: t̪=ùl-ɔ̀ ²

Stevenson 2000: 105. Initial t̪= is most likely of prefixal origin. Quoted as t̪=ǝ̄l-ɔ̀ in [Rilly 2009: 478]. The same source also lists the alternate verbal stem tǝ̄m-ǝ́n, clearly related to Ama tàm, but for some reason unattested in R. Stevenson's materials.

NUMBER: 23

WORD: eat

Ama: t̪=àl ²

Stevenson 2000: 105; Stevenson 1957: 178. Suppletive definite stem. Initial t̪= is most likely of prefixal origin.

Afitti:

NUMBER: 24

WORD: egg

Ama: dámì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105; Stevenson 1957: 175. Cf. with reduplication: da=dami 'all the eggs' [Stevenson 1957: 175]. Quoted as dami in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159]; as dámì, Mandal dialect dámbì in [Rilly 2009: 491].

Afitti: dómì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105; Rilly 2009: 491. Quoted as domi in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159].

NUMBER: 25

WORD: eye

Ama: āŋɛ̀ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Transcribed as aŋe in [Stevenson 1957: 173]. Quoted as āŋè in [Rilly 2009: 490].

Afitti: āŋwá ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Transcribed as aŋwa in [Stevenson 1957: 173]. Quoted as áŋwà in [De Voogt 2009: 43]; as āŋwa in [Rilly 2009: 490].

NUMBER: 26

WORD: fat n.

Ama: kwòl ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Quoted as kwól ~ kúl in [Rilly 2009: 461]; distinct from ɲùm 'oil' [ibid.].

Afitti: kwɔ̀l ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Quoted as kól in [De Voogt 2009: 49] and in [Rilly 2009: 461]. Distinct from ém 'oil' [ibid.].

NUMBER: 27

WORD: feather

Ama: kwāršì ~ kwɔ̄ršì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105.

Afitti: sɔ̄rwá # ²

Stevenson 2000: 105. Possibly a semantic misglossing; cf. sórówà 'wing', but kórò 'feather' in [De Voogt 2009: 42].

NUMBER: 28

WORD: fire

Ama: mìr ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105; Stevenson 1957: 171. Quoted as mer in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159]; as mér in [Rilly 2009: 454].

Afitti: mbǝ̀rr ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105; Stevenson 1957: 171. Quoted as ʔmbaːrr in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159]; as mbǝ́r in [Rilly 2009: 454].

NUMBER: 29

WORD: fish

Ama: samag ^-1

Stevenson 2000: 105. Borrowed from Arabic.

Afitti: sámàk ^-1

Stevenson 2000: 105. Borrowed from Arabic.

NUMBER: 30

WORD: fly v.

Ama: mwùš-ɛ̀g ¹

Stevenson 2000: 110. Indefinite stem. The definite stem is non-suppletive: t̪ū=mɔ̄s-ɔ̀, with an additional prefix. In [Stevenson 1957: 172], this verb is listed in the meaning 'to run (here / there)'.

Afitti: bīrì ²

Stevenson 2000: 110. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 44]: imperative bı̄rì, suppletive present and past t̪=ı́nd̪ǝ̀r.

NUMBER: 31

WORD: foot

Ama: kìrè ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Quoted as kírè in [Rilly 2009: 499].

Afitti: māgílà ²

Stevenson 2000: 105. For the related meaning 'leg', Rilly lists the form kwɔ̄rūm, allegedly borrowed from Hill Nubian [Rilly 2009: 499].

NUMBER: 32

WORD: full

Ama: ā=ɲuài ¹

Stevenson 2000: 107. Quoted as ā=ɲùaì, Mandal dialect kā=ɲùaì in [Rilly 2009: 500].

Afitti: ɛwɛː-n ²

Stevenson 2000: 107. Quoted as éwèn in [De Voogt 2009: 46]; as ɛ̀wɛ́-n in [Rilly 2009: 500].

NUMBER: 33

WORD: give

Ama: t̪ɛ̀g ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Indefinite stem. The definite stem is non-suppletive: t̪ɛ̄g-ɔ̀n ~ t̪ɔ̄g-ɔ̀n, with an additional suffix. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 55]: indefinite sg. t̪ɛ̀g, pl. t̪īʔìg, definite sg. t̪ɛ̀g-ɔ̀n, pl. t̪īʔīg-ɔ̀n. It is unclear if t̪= here is of prefixal origin or belongs to the root. Quoted as t̪ɛ̀g ~ t̪ɔ̀ɔ́nɔ̀, Mandal dialect t̪ɛ̀g ~ t̪ɛ̄n in [Rilly 2009: 443].

Afitti: t̪ǝ́g-ɛ̀ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. It is unclear if t̪= here is of prefixal origin or belongs to the root. Quoted as t̪ǝg-o in [Rilly 2009: 443], with suppletive indefinite stem índ̪ǝ̀n. Cf. imperative forms [ibid.]: t̪ǝ́g-ɛ̀ "give to him", t̪ɔ́ŋ "give to me".

NUMBER: 34

WORD: good

Ama: kɛ̄ɽù ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Transcribed as kˈɛɽu in [Stevenson 1957: 171]. Quoted as kɛ̀ɽú in [Rilly 2009: 427].

Afitti: kwɔ̄nʓígɛ̀ ²

Stevenson 2000: 105. Quoted as kwɔ̄=ɲʓɛ̀ŋɛ́ in [Rilly 2009: 427], where the author suggests borrowing from Hill Nubian (cf. Dilling kwaɲɛ 'beauty').

NUMBER: 35

WORD: green

Ama: ā=láwài ¹

Stevenson 2000: 108. Derived from láwà 'grass' [Stevenson 2000: 105]. In [Stevenson 1957: 174], the word is glossed as 'grass-green'. Quoted as à=láwa-ì, Mandal dialect kà=láwì-g in [Rilly 2009: 524]. Distinct from t̪āʓò 'green, unripe (of fruit)' [Rilly 2009: 524].

Afitti: sɔ̀sá ²

Stevenson 2000: 108; Rilly 2009: 524. Cf. also sɔ̀á ~ sɔ̀án 'not ripe' [Rilly 2009: 524].

NUMBER: 36

WORD: hair

Ama: ʓè ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Same word as 'tail' q.v. Quoted as ʓe in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159]; as ʓě, Mandal dialect yě in [Rilly 2009: 432].

Afitti: īyá ²

Stevenson 2000: 105. Quoted as íya in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159]; as ıyá in [Rilly 2009: 432].

NUMBER: 37

WORD: hand

Ama: ái̯yì ~ ái̯ʓì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Quoted as áí in [Rilly 2009: 477].

Afitti: áːt̪à ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Quoted as átá in [De Voogt 2009: 42]; as át̪à in [Rilly 2009: 477].

NUMBER: 38

WORD: head

Ama: wɔ́ɽò ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Quoted as wɔ̄ɽò, Mandal dialect wɔ́r̀ in [Rilly 2009: 517].

Afitti: ɔ́r ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Quoted as òr (phonetically = ɔ̀r) in [De Voogt 2009: 42, 44].

NUMBER: 39

WORD: hear

Ama: kì-n ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Indefinite stem. The definite stem is synchronically suppletive: kì-l, but from a historical perspective -n and -l may be regarded as two different root extensions. Transcribed as indefinite kın, definite kıl in [Stevenson 1957: 178]. Quoted as kìl ~ kîn in [Rilly 2009: 449].

Afitti: kíd-í ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 45]: imperative sg. kı́d-í, pl. ō=gı̄d-í, present kı̄d-ı̀n, past kı̄d-ù. Quoted as kǝ̄d-ù ~ kǝ̄d-ìn in [Rilly 2009: 449].

NUMBER: 40

WORD: heart

Ama: wílí=n=wèl ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Literally 'blood's house'. In the figurative meaning ('heart' = 'soul, spirit') the word bwiši 'belly' is used instead. Differently in [Rilly 2009: 434], where the word t̪úlúm is glossed with polysemy: 'heart / torso' (see notes on 'breast'); another form listed in the same source is álàd̪ì 'heart', marked as "rare" and possibly borrowed from Hill Nubian.

Afitti: t̪ílīm ²

Stevenson 2000: 106. Quoted as t̪ílím in [Rilly 2009: 434].

NUMBER: 41

WORD: horn

Ama: gūršì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Transcribed as gʋrši in [Stevenson 1957: 172]. Quoted as gúrší, Mandal dialect gúrš ~ gúrúš in [Rilly 2009: 436].

Afitti: gwùrt̪ùn ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Transcribed as gwʋrtu in [Stevenson 1957: 172]. Quoted as gūrt̪ì ~ gūrt̪ìn in [Rilly 2009: 436].

NUMBER: 42

WORD: I

Ama: ai ~ a ¹

Stevenson 1957: 177. The paradigm is given as follows: subject ai ~ a, object a-ŋ, genitive woun, comitative a-ŋ-ın, locative a-l. Quoted as nom. á ~ aí, gen. wǒŋ in [Rilly 2009: 468]; Mandal dialect nom. á, gen. ōn [ibid.].

Afitti: oi ~ woi ¹

Stevenson 1957: 175, 177. Quoted as nom. oí, gen. ɔ́ŋgu in [Rilly 2009: 468].

NUMBER: 43

WORD: kill

Ama: nì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Indefinite stem. The definite stem is apparently nī with mid-level tone. Transcribed as definite ní, indefinite nì in [Stevenson 1957: 172]. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 56]: indefinite sg. nì, pl. gwı̀š-ɛ̀, definite sg. nì (no tonal distinctions!), pl. gwɛ̀š-òù. Quoted as indefinite stem nǐ, definite stem nīi in [Rilly 2009: 520].

Afitti: nì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 45]: imperative and past nì, present nì-l. Quoted as nī ~ nì-l in [Rilly 2009: 520].

NUMBER: 44

WORD: knee

Ama: kwìyùm ~ kwùyùm ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Also attested with variants kwìʓùm ~ kwùʓùm. Quoted as kūʓūm in [Rilly 2009: 461].

Afitti: kwùɲùŋ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Quoted as kwúɲǝ̀n in [Rilly 2009: 461].

NUMBER: 45

WORD: know

Ama: máì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Indefinite stem. The definite stem is non-suppletive: t̪ū=méì, with a prefixal component. Transcribed as indefinite mai, definite t̪ʋ=mai in [Stevenson 1957: 178]. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 56]: definite sg. mài ~ màr, pl. māi-dì, indefinite sg. t̪ʋ̄=mēi ~ t̪ʋ̄=mèi, pl. t̪ʋ̄=māi-dì. Quoted as definite maì, indefinite t̪ù=mɛí (Mandal dialect t̪ì=mɛí) in [Rilly 2009: 508].

Afitti: máì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 45]: imperative and present máì, past mı́ŋg-ù. Quoted as maí(ò) ~ mǝ̀ŋgù in [Rilly 2009: 508].

NUMBER: 46

WORD: leaf

Ama: kwɔ̂ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106.

Afitti: lālūwà ²

Stevenson 2000: 106.

NUMBER: 47

WORD: lie

Ama: tuŋ ¹

Stevenson 1957: 174, 178. Transcribed as tʋŋ. Not attested by itself in [Stevenson 2000], but its existence is still implied in that source with forms like finiɛ-tuŋ 'to sleep' q.v. The same idiom is quoted as fīɲɛ̄ t̪íà ~ fīɲɛ̄ tùŋ 'to sleep' in [Rilly 2009: 444].

Afitti: tʋ̄ŋg-ʋ̀n ¹

Stevenson et al. 1992: 45. Present stem. Cf. the rest of the paradigm: imperative t̪=òg-ì, past t̪=òg-ù. Quoted as t̪=óg-ù ~ túŋgùn 'to recline, to sleep' in [Rilly 2009: 444].

NUMBER: 47

WORD: lie

Ama: t̪=ia ²

Stevenson 1957: 178. Suppletive definite stem.

Afitti: t̪=òg-ì ²

Stevenson et al. 1992: 45. Suppletive imperative stem.

NUMBER: 48

WORD: liver

Ama: máɽìɲ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106.

Afitti: márìɲ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106.

NUMBER: 49

WORD: long

Ama: t̪ó=wūɽù ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Polysemy: 'long / high / deep'. Quoted as t̪ɔ̄=wúɽú 'long / tall / deep', Mandal dialect t̪ō=gúr in [Rilly 2009: 475].

Afitti: sǝ̄ndáː ²

Stevenson 2000: 106. Quoted as sǝ̄ndá in [Rilly 2009: 475].

NUMBER: 50

WORD: louse

Ama: wīnì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Quoted as wíní ~ wúní in [Rilly 2009: 502].

Afitti: ŋwūnà ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Quoted as ŋúnà in [De Voogt 2009: 42]; as ŋwúnà in [Rilly 2009: 502].

NUMBER: 51

WORD: man

Ama: kwài ¹

Stevenson 2000: 108. Also ká=šɛ̀l id. [ibid.], which seems to be the adjective 'male', cf. the derivation in [Stevenson 1957: 174]: ka=šɛl 'male' < šɛl 'penis'. Cf. also -šél, Mandal dialect -sál 'husband' in [Rilly 2009: 464].

Afitti: ágwòr ²

Stevenson 2000: 108. Quoted as àgór in [De Voogt 2009: 49]; as ágòr 'man, husband' in [Rilly 2009: 464].

NUMBER: 52

WORD: many

Ama: ká=dɔ̀ŋ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Quoted as kā=dúŋ ~ kwō=dúŋ in [Rilly 2009: 487].

Afitti: díllà ²

Stevenson 2000: 106. Transcribed as d̪allaŋ (with dental d̪) in [Stevenson 1957: 172]. Quoted as dǝ́là in [De Voogt 2009: 43].; as dǝ́llà in [Rilly 2009: 487].

NUMBER: 53

WORD: meat

Ama: kwòn ~ kwùn ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. In [Stevenson 1957: 171], transcribed as kwʋn ~ kwon. Quoted as kwón ~ kwún ~ kún in [Rilly 2009: 525].

Afitti: kwùn ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. In [Stevenson 1957: 171], transcribed as kwʋn. Quoted as kún in [Rilly 2009: 525].

NUMBER: 54

WORD: moon

Ama: kwûr ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Quoted as kwûr ~ kûr in [Rilly 2009: 476].

Afitti: ársǝ̀n ²

Stevenson 2000: 106; Rilly 2009: 476. Polysemy: 'sky / moon'. Cf. -kero 'month' in compound forms [ibid., quoted from Kauczor 1923].

NUMBER: 55

WORD: mountain

Ama: mɛ̄dɛ́ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106; Stevenson 1957: 175. Cf. with reduplication: mɛ=mɛdɛ 'all the hills' [Stevenson 1957: 175]. Quoted as mɛ̀d̪ɛ́, Mandal dialect mɛ̀nd̪ɛ́ ~ mɛ̀nd̪ɛ́-g in [Rilly 2009: 481].

Afitti: mot̪irr ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Quoted as mɔ̄tǝ́r in [Rilly 2009: 481].

NUMBER: 56

WORD: mouth

Ama: ŋàl ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106; Stevenson 1957: 173.

Afitti: ŋgìlà ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Transcribed as ŋgala in [Stevenson 1957: 173]. Quoted as ŋgálà in [Rilly 2009: 427].

NUMBER: 57

WORD: name

Ama: āŋɛ̀r ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Cf. Mandal dialect āŋɛ̀s in [Rilly 2009: 486].

Afitti: ɔ̄rdɔ̀ŋ ²

Stevenson 2000: 106; Rilly 2009: 486. Rilly suggests borrowing from Hill Nubian (cf. Dair or-du 'names'), but this is not certain.

NUMBER: 58

WORD: neck

Ama: bɛd̪ɛ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Also táŋà id. [ibid.]; semantic difference is unclear. Quoted as bɛ̄d̪ɛ̄ in [Rilly 2009: 437].

Afitti: bǝ̄t̪á ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Quoted as bǝ̀tá in [De Voogt 2009: 43]. Quoted as bǝ̄t̪á ~ bāt̪á in [Rilly 2009: 437].

NUMBER: 59

WORD: new

Ama: kā=ɲɛ̀r ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106; Stevenson 1957: 174. Quoted as kà=ɲɛ́r, Mandal dialect kà=ɲʓɛ́r in [Rilly 2009: 489].

Afitti: ɲīr-ì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Transcribed as ɲır-i in [Stevenson 1957: 174]. Quoted as ɲīr-í in [Rilly 2009: 489].

NUMBER: 60

WORD: night

Ama: t̪wîn ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Transcribed as t̪win 'night', t̪un-o 'at night' in [Stevenson 1957: 172]. Also lōwùn id. [Stevenson 2000: 106], transcribed as lowʋ̀n in [Stevenson 1957: 173]; semantic difference is unclear. Quoted as t̪wín, Mandal dialect t̪ún in [Rilly 2009: 490].

Afitti: t̪únì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106; Stevenson 1957: 172; Rilly 2009: 490.

NUMBER: 61

WORD: nose

Ama: àmùd̪ù ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Quoted as omuːðu in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 193: 159]; as āmùd̪ù, Mandal dialect ōmùd ~ ōmùn ~ ōmùnd in [Rilly 2009: 485].

Afitti: ŋwùt̪à ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Quoted as ŋwuðu in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 193: 159]; as ŋwútí ~ ŋwútá in [Rilly 2009: 485].

NUMBER: 62

WORD: not

Ama: fa ¹

Stevenson 1957: 181. Preverbal particle.

Afitti:

Not attested.

NUMBER: 63

WORD: one

Ama: ɲálà ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Quoted as ɲálā in [Rilly 2009: 521]. Cf. the differentiation in Mandal dialect: ɲálā 'one' vs. ānd̪á 'only' [ibid.].

Afitti: ándà ²

Stevenson 2000: 106. Quoted as ánd̪á in [Rilly 2009: 521].

NUMBER: 64

WORD: person

Ama: wā-d̪áŋ ~ wō-d̪áŋ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106; Stevenson 1957: 175. The singular form is probably an extension of the plural; cf. wá 'people' [ibid.]. Quoted as sg. wù-d̪áŋ, pl. wá, Mandal dialect wó-dáŋ, pl. wò-dá in [Rilly 2009: 496]. Distinct from the more specific ámá 'human beings, Nyimang people', sg. ámá-d̪ìŋ [Rilly 2009: 496].

Afitti: wí ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Plural form: wíā-ŋgɔ̀r ~ wíā-lŋgɔ̀r 'people' [ibid.]. Quoted as sg. wí, pl. wì-ál-ŋgɔ̀r in [Rilly 2009: 496].

NUMBER: 65

WORD: rain

Ama: árīŋɛ̀ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106; Rilly 2009: 501. Polysemy: 'rain / sky'. Transcribed as arıŋɛ in [Stevenson 1957: 183]. Quoted as ariŋi in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 193: 159].

Afitti: árǝ̄ŋgà ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Polysemy: 'rain / sky'. Quoted as araŋga in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 193: 159].

NUMBER: 66

WORD: red

Ama: t̪ɛ̀=gìlè ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106; Stevenson 1957: 175. Quoted as tɛ̄=gīlè in [Rilly 2009: 507].

Afitti: gìlà ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Transcribed as gıla in [1957: 175]. Quoted as gǝ̀lá in [De Voogt 2009: 43]; as gǝ̀lā in [Rilly 2009: 507].

NUMBER: 67

WORD: road

Ama: bwir ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Transcribed as bwir 'road', bʋr-o 'on the road' in [Stevenson 1957: 172].

Afitti: bori ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106; Stevenson 1957: 172.

NUMBER: 68

WORD: root

Ama: sùl ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106.

Afitti: kúrù ²

Stevenson 2000: 106.

NUMBER: 69

WORD: round

Ama: a=gwɔɽɔŋ ¹

Stevenson 1957: 174. Apparently derived from gɛɽɛŋ 'circle' [ibid.].

Afitti:

Not attested.

NUMBER: 70

WORD: sand

Ama: kwégòu ~ kwèi ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106.

Afitti: sūà ²

Stevenson 2000: 106.

NUMBER: 71

WORD: say

Ama: šɛ̂ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Indefinite stem. The definite stem is non-suppletive: šɛ̄-à, with a suffixal extension. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 60]: indefinite sg. sɛ̂, pl. šī-d̪è, definite sg. sɛ̄-à, pl. šī-d̪à. According to [Rilly 2009: 441], this verb is becoming obsolete today; Rilly records definite stem t̪ānd̪ég, suppletive indefinite stem wén instead.

Afitti: ít̪-ì ²

Stevenson 2000: 106. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 46]: imperative sg. ít̪-ì, pl. ō=t̪-ì, present ít̪-ı̀l, past ít̪-ù.

NUMBER: 72

WORD: see

Ama: t̪ɔ́l-ɛ̀ ~ t̪ɔ́il-ɛ̀ ~ t̪ɛ́l-ɛ̀ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Indefinite stem. The definite stem is non-suppletive: t̪òl (without suffixal extensions). Transcribed as t̪ɔil- in [Stevenson 1957: 178]. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 60]: indefinite sg. t̪ɛ̀l-ɛ̀ ~ t̪ɛ̀l-d̪ɛ̀, pl. t̪ɔ̀l-ɛ̀ ~ t̪ɔ̀ìl-ɛ̀ ~ t̪ɔ̀l-d̪ɛ̀ ~ t̪ɔ̀ìl-d̪ɛ̀, definite sg. t̪òl, pl. t̪òl-d̪ù. Cf. the forms in [Rilly 2009: 527]: indefinite t̪ɛ̀l-ɛ̀, definite wɛ̀n (Mandal dialect: indefinite t̪ùl, definite wàn).

Afitti: tìŋìl-ì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 47]: imperative tı̀ŋı̀l-ì, past tı̀ŋı̀l, suppletive present náːr. Cf. the forms in [Rilly 2009: 527]: tǝ̀ŋǝ̀lí vs. suppletive nàr.

NUMBER: 72

WORD: see

Ama: wɛn- ~ wɔnd- ²

Stevenson 2000: 106. A second indefinite stem, possibly more archaic than t̪òl. Transcribed as wɛn ~ wɔnd̪- in [Stevenson 1957: 178].

Afitti: náːr ³

Stevenson et al. 1992: 47. Suppletive present stem.

NUMBER: 73

WORD: seed

Ama: tú-d̪à ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Derived from tū ~ twí 'to sow' [Rilly 2009: 511]. Cf. also sáɽī 'grain, seed' in [Rilly 2009: 511].

Afitti: ɔ̄rmānàk ²

Stevenson 2000: 106. According to [Rilly 2009: 511, 515], the Afitti word for 'seed' is the same as the word for 'sorgho': mǝ̀nǝ́g (= Stevenson's mǝ̀nǝ́k), but this is doubtful.

NUMBER: 74

WORD: sit

Ama: dɔ̀ɲ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106; Stevenson 1957: 173. Indefinite and definite stems are the same. Cf., however, paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 60]: indefinite dɔ̀ɲ, definite dɔ̄ɲ (with tonal distinctions). Quoted as definite d̪ɔ̀ı́ɲ-, indefinite d̪ɔ̄ı̀ɲ in [Rilly 2009: 424].

Afitti: dɔɲ-i ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 47]: imperative dɔ̄ɲ-ī, present dɛ̀n (with vowel gradation), past dɔ̀ɲ. Quoted as dɔ̄ɲ- ~ dɛ̀ːn-ò in [Rilly 2009: 424].

NUMBER: 75

WORD: skin

Ama: lûm ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Quoted as lōm in [Rilly 2009: 495]. Cf. also fɔ́rgù 'the entire skin of a human body' [ibid.].

Afitti: álkɔ̀ ²

Stevenson 2000: 106. Cf. also ɔrta 'skin' in [Stevenson 1957: 172]. In [Rilly 2009: 495], a distinction is drawn between lǝ̀m 'a piece of skin / hide' and álkwà (= Stevenson's alkɔ̀) 'th entire skin of a human body'.

NUMBER: 76

WORD: sleep

Ama: finiɛ-tuŋ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Literally = 'in-sleep-recline' (the second stem is the same as in 'to lie' q.v.).

Afitti: t̪=òg-ì ²

Stevenson 2000: 106. Quoted as t=óg-ì 'to sleep / to lie down' in [De Voogt 2009: 43]. Quoted as t̪=óg-ù ~ túŋgùn 'to recline, to sleep' in [Rilly 2009: 444].

NUMBER: 77

WORD: small

Ama: kɛ̄dìŋ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Transcribed as kɛdıŋ in [Stevenson 1957: 171]. Quoted as kɛ̄díŋ ~ kādíŋ in [Rilly 2009: 497].

Afitti: kíɕɕà ²

Stevenson 2000: 106. Transcribed as kaɕa in [Stevenson 1957: 171]. Quoted as kǝ́ɕɕà in [Rilly 2009: 497].

NUMBER: 78

WORD: smoke

Ama: ŋɛ̀šì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Quoted as ŋɛ́šì in [Rilly 2009: 460]; the Mandal dialect equivalent is nâs [ibid.], which seems to reflect a different etymon.

Afitti: lɔ́sgà ²

Stevenson 2000: 106; Rilly 2009: 460. Transcribed as lɔzga in [Stevenson 1957: 172].

NUMBER: 79

WORD: stand

Ama: tàg ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Indefinite stem. The definite stem is tìg, with vowel gradation. Transcribed as t̪àg ~ t̪ı̀g in [Stevenson 1957: 172]. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 60]: indefinite tàg (with an alveolar/retroflex consonant), definite t̪ı̀g (with a dental consonant). All three sources present conflicting information as to the articulation of the initial consonants. Quoted as definite t̪íg-, indefinite t̪àg 'to stop' in [Rilly 2009: 424], with both forms showing dental consonants.

Afitti: tìg-ì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Transcribed as tı̀gi in [Stevenson 1957: 172]. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 47]: imperative tı̀g-ì, past tı̄g-ı̀n, present tı̄g-ʋ̀. Quoted as t̪íg- ~ t̪ét̪t̪èn 'to stop' in [Rilly 2009: 424].

NUMBER: 80

WORD: star

Ama: kwɔ́ršìlɛ̀ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Quoted as kūršīlè, Mandal dialect kūsīlè in [Rilly 2009: 451].

Afitti: mīdí ²

Stevenson 2000: 106. Quoted as mǝ̄dí in [Rilly 2009: 451].

NUMBER: 81

WORD: stone

Ama: mìdìr ~ mìīdr ~ mìīndr ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106; Rilly 2009: 499.

Afitti: mbǝ̄rɛ́ ²

Stevenson 2000: 106. Quoted as mbǝ̀rɛ̀ ~ mbrɛ̀ in [Rilly 2009: 499].

NUMBER: 82

WORD: sun

Ama: ɲīŋ-áŋ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Quoted as ɲiŋan in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159] (incorrectly listed as 'meat' because of an obvious print error); as ɲíŋ-áŋ, Mandal dialect ɲíŋ in [Rilly 2009: 514].

Afitti: ŋíʓì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Quoted as ŋiʓi in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159] (incorrectly listed as 'meat' because of an obvious print error). Quoted as ɲígì in [Rilly 2009: 514].

NUMBER: 83

WORD: swim

Ama: sōbáì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Indefinite stem. The definite stem is non-suppletive: sōbāi-ɛ̀, with an additional suffix.

Afitti: t̪ǝ̄=sɛ̀ ²

Stevenson 2000: 106. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 47]: imperative t̪ǝ̄=sɛ̀, present sǝ̀-l, past sɔ̂.

NUMBER: 84

WORD: tail

Ama: ʓè ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106. Same word as 'hair' q.v.

Afitti: wēyà ²

Stevenson 2000: 106.

NUMBER: 85

WORD: that

Ama: d̪ɔ̀ ¹

Rilly 2009: 429. Not attested in any of R. Stevenson's sources.

Afitti: gǝ́llà ²

Rilly 2009: 429. Not attested in any of R. Stevenson's sources.

NUMBER: 86

WORD: this

Ama: nɔ̀ ¹

Rilly 2009: 429. Not attested in any of R. Stevenson's sources.

Afitti: nɛ̂ ¹

Rilly 2009: 429. Not attested in any of R. Stevenson's sources.

NUMBER: 87

WORD: thou

Ama: i ¹

Stevenson 1957: 177. The paradigm is given as follows: subject i, object yɔ-ŋ, genitive ɲʋn, comitative ɲʋn-ʋn, locative i-l. Quoted as í, genitive ɲǔŋ in [Rilly 2009: 519].

Afitti: i ¹

Stevenson 1957: 175, 177. Quoted as í, genitive í-ŋgù in [Rilly 2009: 519].

NUMBER: 88

WORD: tongue

Ama: ŋìldì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 107. Quoted as ŋildi in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159]; as ŋīld̪ī, Mandal dialect ŋīd in [Rilly 2009: 472].

Afitti: ɔ̀lɔ̀ ²

Stevenson 2000: 107. Quoted as ólò in [De Voogt 2009: 42]; as ólo in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159]; as ɔ̄lɔ̀ in [Rilly 2009: 472].

NUMBER: 89

WORD: tooth

Ama: ìlè ~ èlè ¹

Stevenson 2000: 107. Quoted as ílɛ̀ in [Rilly 2009: 439].

Afitti: ŋgíl ¹

Stevenson 2000: 107. Quoted as ŋgílà in [Rilly 2009: 439].

NUMBER: 90

WORD: tree

Ama: t̪ómà ~ t̪úmà ¹

Stevenson 2000: 107. Transcribed as t̪ʋma ~ t̪oma in [Stevenson 1957: 174]. Quoted as t̪úmà in [Rilly 2009: 423].

Afitti: šídārà ^-1

Stevenson 2000: 107. Borrowed from Arabic. Quoted as šı̄d̪ɛ̀rà in [Rilly 2009: 423]. The inherited form t̪īmà is only listed in the meaning 'firewood' [Stevenson 2000: 107] or, transcribed as tǝ̀má, in the meaning 'wood' [Rilly 2009: 423].

NUMBER: 91

WORD: two

Ama: árbà ~ ármbà ¹

Stevenson 2000: 107. Quoted as ārbā, Mandal dialect ārmbà in [Rilly 2009: 440].

Afitti: ármà-k ¹

Stevenson 2000: 107; Stevenson 1957: 172. Quoted as ārmà-g in [Rilly 2009: 440].

NUMBER: 92

WORD: walk (go)

Ama: kwà ¹

Stevenson 2000: 105; Stevenson 1957: 178. Indefinite stem. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 55]: indefinite sg. kwà, pl. kwè-l, suppletive definite sg. t̪āí, pl. t̪ɛ̄-lāī. Quoted as definite t̪āí, indefinite kwá ~ kó in [Rilly 2009: 421].

Afitti: t̪ɔ̀r ²

Stevenson 2000: 105. Cf. paradigmatic information in [Stevenson et al. 1992: 44]: imperative sg. t̪ɔ́r, pl. ó=sı̄r-ɛ̀ ~ ō=t̪ɔ́r, suppletive present nd̪ı̀n, suppletive past t̪ʋ̄gɔ̀. Cf. suppletive stems tɔ́r and ŋgò in [Rilly 2009: 421].

NUMBER: 92

WORD: walk (go)

Ama: t̪ái ³

Stevenson 2000: 105. Suppletive definite stem. Transcribed in [Stevenson 1957: 178] as t̪a-. Initial t̪= may be a fossilized prefix, also frequently attested in many other definite verbal stems.

Afitti: t̪ʋ̄g-ɔ̀ ⁴

Stevenson et al. 1992: 44. Suppletive past stem.

NUMBER: 93

WORD: warm

Ama: kà=bàr ¹

Stevenson 2000: 107; Stevenson 1957: 174. The first syllable is analyzed by Stevenson as a fossilized adjectival prefix. Quoted as kà=bár, Mandal dialect kā=bɔ́r in [Rilly 2009: 431].

Afitti: ʓūkárɛ̀ ^-1

Stevenson 2000: 107. Quoted as ʓùkárɛ̀ in [Rilly 2009: 431]. Correctly identified by Rilly as a borrowing from Nubian (cf. Kenuzi ʓugri 'warm, hot', etc.).

NUMBER: 94

WORD: water

Ama: bɔ́ŋ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 107; Stevenson 1957: 174; Rilly 2009: 445. Quoted as boŋ in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159].

Afitti: bɔ́ŋ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 107; Rilly 2009: 445. Quoted as boŋ in [MacDiarmid & MacDiarmid 1931: 159].

NUMBER: 95

WORD: we

Ama: a-ŋi ¹

Stevenson 1957: 175, 177. Also with additional plural prefixes: aŋi-ŋi ~ aŋi-gi id. The paradigm is given as follows: subject a-ŋi, object a-ŋi, genitive wouŋ, comitative wow-ʋn, locative aŋ-ıl. Quoted as nom. ā-ŋí, gen. wɔ́ŋ, Mandal dialect nom. ā-ŋ, gen. wɔ́ŋ in [Rilly 2009: 488].

Afitti: o-go ¹

Stevenson 1957: 175, 177. Quoted as nom. ɔ́-gɔ̀, gen. ɔ́ú in [Rilly 2009: 488].

NUMBER: 96

WORD: what

Ama: ɛŋi-nɛ ¹

Rilly 2009: 504. This form is from R. Stevenson's records (the pronoun proper is ɛŋi; -nɛ is an attached copula). Rilly himself records the variants áŋī ~ ɛ́ŋī [ibid.].

Afitti: ŋgí-sè # ¹

Rilly 2009: 504. Not attested in R. Stevenson's records. Cf. also íŋgù 'which?' [ibid.].

NUMBER: 97

WORD: white

Ama: t̪ā=bár ¹

Stevenson 2000: 107; Stevenson 1957: 173. Quoted as t̪à=bár in [Rilly 2009: 426]. Also fɛfɛr id., specifically glossed in [Stevenson 1957: 175] as 'very white, bright'.

Afitti: t̪ā=bǝ̄r-á ¹

Stevenson 2000: 107; Stevenson 1957: 173. Quoted as t̪ǝ̀=brá in [Rilly 2009: 426].

NUMBER: 98

WORD: who

Ama: ŋá ¹

Stevenson 1957: 175; Rilly 2009: 505. Plural: ŋa-ŋi. Also attested as ŋá-nɛ̀ [Rilly 2009: 505], with the attached copula -nɛ̀.

Afitti: ŋá-dè # ¹

Rilly 2009: 505. Not attested in R. Stevenson's materials. Rilly suggests that -dè may be a fossilized demonstrative element.

NUMBER: 99

WORD: woman

Ama: kɛ̂r ¹

Stevenson 2000: 107. Also wād̪áŋ kâr, pl. wá kâr id., where the first part = 'person' q.v. Transcribed as kɛ́r in [Stevenson 1957: 172]. Quoted as kɛ̌r 'woman' in [Rilly 2009: 453]; cf. also kǎr, Mandal dialect kɛ̀gɛ́r 'female' [ibid.].

Afitti: kírī ¹

Stevenson 2000: 107. Transcribed as kıri in [Stevenson 1957: 172]. Quoted as kǝ̀rí in [De Voogt 2009: 45]; as kǝ̀rí ~ kìrí in [Rilly 2009: 453].

NUMBER: 100

WORD: yellow

Ama: ā=bwɛ̄šì ~ ā=bwɔ̄šì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 109.

Afitti:

Not properly attested. Said to be the same as gìlà 'red' in [Stevenson 2000: 109], but this may be seriously doubted.

NUMBER: 101

WORD: far

Ama: sáù ¹

Stevenson 2000: 107.

Afitti: kíɕɕā # ²

Stevenson 2000: 107. The form is exactly the same as 'small' q.v., so it is not unclear whether this glossing reflects unusual polysemy, homonymy, or semantic inaccuracy.

NUMBER: 102

WORD: heavy

Ama: kwɔ̄dù ¹

Stevenson 2000: 108. Quoted as kwɔ́dū in [Rilly 2009: 476]. It is unclear if the alternate form āɲɔ̄d̪ū, Mandal dialect káɲɔ̄d [ibid.] is related.

Afitti: títìŋ ²

Stevenson 2000: 108. Quoted as t̪ít̪t̪íŋ in [Rilly 2009: 476]. Tentatively explained in the latter source as a borrowing from Hill Nubian, but the actual forms are too phonetically distant (Proto-Hill Nubian is *til-) to accept this hypothesis.

NUMBER: 103

WORD: near

Ama: áràn ~ áràŋ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 108.

Afitti: āggǝ̄lá ²

Stevenson 2000: 108.

NUMBER: 104

WORD: salt

Ama: kwɛ́d̪ílè ~ kwɔ́d̪ílè ¹

Stevenson 2000: 108. Quoted as kwòdīlè in [Rilly 2009: 510].

Afitti: ɔ́rd̪ìk ^-1

Stevenson 2000: 108. Quoted as ɔ́rd̪ǝ̀g ~ ɔ́rt̪ǝ̀g in [Rilly 2009: 510]. The form is most likely borrowed from Hill Nubian (cf. Kadaro ɔruːdu, Dilling ordi, etc.), with an additional collective suffix.

NUMBER: 105

WORD: short

Ama: šɛ̀ɽɛ̀ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 108.

Afitti: sɛ̄rɛ̄ŋáː ~ šɛ̄rɛ̄ŋáː ¹

Stevenson 2000: 108.

NUMBER: 106

WORD: snake

Ama: sɔ̀m ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106; Stevenson 1957: 171. Quoted as sɔ́m, Mandal dialect sám in [Rilly 2009: 512].

Afitti: sǝ̀m ¹

Stevenson 2000: 106; Stevenson 1957: 171. Quoted as sǝ́m in [Rilly 2009: 512].

NUMBER: 107

WORD: thin

Ama: kɛ̄šɛ̀ɲ ~ kɛ̄šɛ̀ŋ ¹

Stevenson 2000: 107.

Afitti: sóɲú ²

Stevenson 2000: 107.

NUMBER: 108

WORD: wind

Ama: mó ¹

Stevenson 2000: 109.

Afitti: má ¹

Stevenson 2000: 109.

NUMBER: 109

WORD: worm

Ama: ámì ¹

Stevenson 2000: 117. Quoted as ámí ~ ámbí in [Rilly 2009: 524]. Also fīnd̪ì ~ fīnì id. (semantic difference is unclear; however, in [Rilly 2009: 524] the Stevenson form is listed with the meaning 'caterpillar', and Rilly's own records contain the form fínī with the meaning 'a k. of intestinal worm, filaire du Caire').

Afitti: ɔ́mù ¹

Rilly 2009: 524. Listed in the source as a form attested both by R. Stevenson and C. Rilly. Cf. ómò 'worm' in [De Voogt 2009: 42].

NUMBER: 110

WORD: year

Ama: wɔ̀r ¹

Stevenson 2000: 111.

Afitti: ɔr ¹

Stevenson 2000: 111.